Course Content
Medical genetics
Students will learn about Mendelian laws of inheritance, which describe how traits are passed from parents to offspring through dominant and recessive alleles. They will explore Mendel's principles of segregation and independent assortment, which explain how genes are distributed during reproduction and how traits are inherited in predictable patterns. In studying human genome organization, students will understand that the human genome is organized into 23 pairs of chromosomes, with each chromosome containing numerous genes. They will learn about the structure of chromosomes, including the DNA double helix, chromatin, and the role of genes in encoding proteins and regulating cellular functions. Students will also explore chromosomal abnormalities, such as aneuploidy (e.g., Down syndrome, which is caused by an extra chromosome 21) and structural abnormalities (e.g., deletions, duplications, and translocations). They will learn how these abnormalities can lead to genetic disorders and affect development and health. Lastly, students will study non-Mendelian inheritance patterns, which include phenomena like incomplete dominance, codominance, and polygenic inheritance. These patterns describe how multiple genes and environmental factors can influence traits in more complex ways than the simple Mendelian models.
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Medical Genetic Spring 23/24 – Okan uni
About Lesson
 

Students will learn about Mendelian laws, which are the foundational principles of classical genetics established by Gregor Mendel. The key concepts include:

  • Law of Segregation: This principle states that each individual has two alleles for each gene, one inherited from each parent. During gamete formation (sperm and egg), these alleles separate, so each gamete carries only one allele for each gene. When fertilization occurs, the offspring inherits one allele from each parent.

  • Law of Independent Assortment: This principle asserts that genes for different traits are passed independently of one another from parents to offspring. For example, the inheritance of one trait (such as flower color) does not influence the inheritance of another trait (such as seed shape), assuming the genes are located on different chromosomes.

  • Law of Dominance: This principle indicates that in a pair of alleles, one allele may be dominant and express its trait, while the other is recessive and only expresses its trait when the dominant allele is not present. For example, a dominant allele for tall plants will mask the effect of a recessive allele for short plants.

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